ECA-backed finance (buyer and supplier credit)
ECA-backed finance lets an overseas buyer pay for capital goods over several years. A government-backed export credit agency guarantees the bank, the buyer pays at least 15% down, and under buyer credit the exporter is paid as for a cash sale.
Purchase order finance
Purchase order finance gives a seller funds to make and ship a buyer's order, often in stages, and the buyer's payment repays the provider. See who does what, the steps, a worked example and when it fits.
Forfaiting
Forfaiting lets an exporter sell the importer's promise to pay later, such as a promissory note or bill of exchange, to a forfaiter for cash now, without recourse. It suits long credit on capital goods, commodities and large projects.
Shipment splits trade finance in two: before it, lenders fund production; after it, they fund the invoice
Pre-shipment finance funds production and rests on the seller's performance; at shipment the security moves to the receivable, and post-shipment tools such as factoring and forfaiting fund the invoice.